The development of this guidebook parallels efforts of the Government of India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) to become a source of financing for the procurement of new buses nationwide. Cities across the country that have received these buses are beginning to operate them. We hope our case studies, recommendations, and coverage of specific methodologies will serve as a helpful reference to these cities and states as they set up new agencies, operate buses, monitor their performance and develop continuous system improvement.